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Joaquim Gonçalves Ledo (11 December 1781 – 9 May 1847) was a Brazilian journalist and politician. He was active in the freemasonry movement in Brazil. He was one of the leaders of the more liberal and democrat faction during the confused period around the time of the declaration of independence of Brazil in 1822. ==Early years== Joaquim Gonçalves Ledo was born in Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 11 December 1781. His parents were Antonio Gonçalves Ledo and Maria dos Reis. At the age of fourteen he went to Portugal to complete his secondary education, and then enrolled at the University of Coimbra to study medicine. When his father died in 1808 Ledo cut short his education and returned to Brazil. He found a job as a clerk in the army arsenal. The freemasonry movement in Brazil was similar to that of France, tending to support a republican form of government. The Pernambucan Revolt, in which a Brazilian republic was declared on 6 March 1817, had many freemasons among its leaders. The revolt was suppressed by the army. On 30 March 1818 King John VI of Portugal, who had taken refuge in Brazil from the Napoleonic Wars in 1808, signed a decree prohibited all secret societies. There was a liberal revolution in 1820, and in April 1821 John VI returned to Portugal, leaving his son Prince Pedro as regent. Ledo was a freemason, and helped reinstate the ''Comércio e Artes'' lodge in 1821. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joaquim Gonçalves Ledo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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